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The News and Observer. Volume LVI. No. 57. siDD KtoEPtiDo ©siTOOßons] DBsiflDv IPsiodoeps Bod H®{£Dd v^^3 q ©qdDsi’S3®dd JUDGESJOR LIFE People Should Elect the Federal Justices. They Should be Made to Feel Their Responsibility and T heir Ele vation Due to the Peo ple- The November number of the Arena contains as its frontispiece a full page picture of Chief Justice Walter Clark, of this State, and an article from his pen on “The Election of Federal Judges by the People.” It is a timely theme, for the iron heel of many Federal judges has been/felt upon the necks of the people. In North Carolina the people have been cursed by the petty tyranny of Federal Judges, whose elevation to office could never have ooeured if the people in thf\ State had been given any voice in the selection of Federal judges. Chief Justice Clark’s strong and able article in The Arena is as follows: When the Constitution of the United States was adopted at Philadelphia, the masses were uneducated and the men in official positions under the State governments were as a rule chosen by the influence of the edu cated and wealthy few. A representa tive Democracy was an experiment, and there was a frankly expressed fear of committing power to the masses. In only one .State was the governor at that time elected by the people, and in none were the judges so chosen. In all there were property qualifica tions either for the electors of the State Senate or of both houses, or for the members themselves of the General Assembly, and in some in all these particulars. This state of things was naturally 1 effected in the Federal Constitution, which still, after the lapse of nearly a century and a quarter and the demonstrated capacity of the people for self-govern ment. presents in the full b’laze of the twentieth century the distrust of pop ular government which, before its trial, was natural in the men of the eighteenth century. The unnatural thing is. not its adoption in 1787, but the retention, unchanged, of the non elective features of the Constitution in 1904. The Federal Constitution, framed according to the ideas then prevailing, gave to the people the se lection of only one-sixth of the gov ernment—the members of the lower House of Congress. The choice of the executive and the judiciary, and of the other half of the legislative depart ment, was carefully placed beyond their reach. The Senate was made at second-hand by the State Leg islatures. The President was in tended to be elected at third-hand by electors chosen by the State Legisla tures. and the judiciary at fourth hand by the appointment of the exec utive so chosen; and to place the judges farther beyond the possibility of responsibility to the people or in fluence by that popular opinion which is the foundation-stone of a free gov ernment, the tenure was for life. A more complete denial of popular control of the new government could not have been devised. Hamilton would have preferred a hereditary executive. That would not have been as efficient for his purposes as an ap pointive life judiciary, for we know that tiie hereditary executive in Eng land has not dared to exercise the veto-power since the revolution of 1388, more than two centuries. But by reason of the power which the judiciary soon bestowed upon them selves, by construction, of declaring any statute unconstitutional, the judges have set aside acts of Congress at will. Thus the legal-tender act, the financial policy of the government, was invalidated by one court and then validated by another, when the per sonnel of the court had been increased lor that purpose. Thus also ten i years since the income-tax. which had ! been held constitutional by the couri for a. hundred years, and after being at first again so held, was by A sud den change of vote by one judge held unconstitutional, nullified and set aside. The result wa3 that one hun dred million dollars of annual taxes were transferred from those most able to bear them ana placed upon those least able to bear them, necessarily forcing the retention of the high tariff which is a tax upon consumption, and therefore a tax upon the many. In the ten years which have elapsed since the Income Tax, passed by both Houses ol Congress and approved by the President, was thus set aside, this change of front by this one judge has cost the toilers, the producers of this country, one thousand million dollars! Had the court been elective, men not biased in favor of colossal wealth would have filled more seats upon the bench, and if there had been such decision, long ere this, under the .’en ure of a term of years new incumbents would have been chosen, who, return ing to the former line of decisions, would have upheld the right of Con- ] gress to control the financial policy of j the government in accordance witn the will of the people of this day and age, and not according to the shifting views which the court has imputed to lan guage used by the majority of the fifty-five men who met in Philadelphia in 1787. Such methods of controlling the policy of a government are no whit more tolerable than the conduct of the augurs of old who gave the per mission for peace or war, for battle or ; othet public movements, by declaring from the flight of birds, the inspection of the entrails of fowls, or other equally wise devices, that the omens weie luck\ or unlucky—the rules of such divination being in theii own breasts and the augurs being always privatl> informed as to the wishes of th <sf in power. in England one-third of the revenue is derived from the superfluities of the very wealthy, by the levy of a grad uated income tay. The same system is in force in all other civilized covn- tries. In not one of them would the hereditary monarch venture to veto or declare null such a tas. In this coun try alone the people, speaking through their Congress and with the approval of the executive, cannot put in force a single measure of any nature what ever with assurance that it shall meet with the approval of the courts; and its failure to receive such approval is fatal for, unlike the veto of the exec utive, the unanimous vote of Congress (and the Income Tax was very near receiving such approval) cannot avail against it. Such vast power cannot safely be deposited in the hands of any body of men without supervision or control by any other authority whatever. If the President errs, his mandate expires in four years and his party as well as himself is accountable to the people at the ballot box for his stewardship. If members of Congress err, they too must account lo their constituents. But the judiciary hold for life, and though popular sentiment should change the entire personnel of the other two great departments of government, a whole generation must pass away before the people could get control of the judi ciary, which possesses an irresponsible and unrestricted veto upon the action of the other departments—irresponsi ble because impeachment has become impossible, and if it were possible it could not ho invoked as to erroneous decisions, unless corruption were shown. In the State governments the con ditions existing in 1787 have long since been changed. Tn all the Stales the governors and the members of the General Assemblies have long since been made elective by manhood suf frage. In all the forty-five States, save four (Delaware, Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Rhoue Island), the judges hold for a term of years, and in three of these they are remov able (as in England) upon a majority vote of the Legislature, thus preserv ing a supervision of their conduct which is utterly lacking as to the Fed eral judiciary. In Rhode Island the ivdges were thus dropped summarily, once, when they had held an act of the Legislature invalid. In thirty-three States the judges are elected by the people, in five States by the Legisla ture and in seven States they are ap pointed by the Governor with the con sent of the Senate. Even in England the judges hold office subject to re moval upon the vote of a bare ma jority in Parliament —though there the judges have never asserted any power to set aside an act of Parliament. There the will of the people, when ex pressed through their representatives in Parliament, is final. The King cannot veto it, and no judge has ever dreamed he had power to set it aside. Professor Bryce overlooked these es sential differences in avowing his preference for a life-tenure, appointive judiciary in this country. A great power, however, is claimed and has been often asserted by the judges in this country. Subject to no supervision or revisal from any source it is absolute power, if the Federal judges were elective, and for a term of years, as State judges have become, there would be the corrective force of public opinion, which could select | judges at the expiration of such term more considerate of the policy in pub lic matters which is approved by the statutes enacted; while in all private litigation elective judges would be al together as efficient as if appointed for life. Given by the Constitution of i the choice of only one-sixth of the (government—the lower House of Con.- } gress—the peopie soon forced the j transfer of the choice of Presidential electors to their arbitrament and then by common consent the electors were made mere figure-heads, compelled to vote for the candidate for President whose name is Placed at the head ot (he ballot on wnich the electors are voted fur. Legally each elector is free to vote for whom he pleases, but no elector has ever dared violate the implied order given him at the bailot box. Thus, without changing a letter in the Constitution, the people early captured the Executive Department and practically vote direct for Presi dent and Vice-President. Fcr years a similar struggle has gone on to secure the election of United States Senators by the people. At leas* four times the House of Rep resentatives lias passed a Pill to amend the Constitution to provide for the election of Senators by the people, irel each time the vote was either unani mous or practically so. The measure has. however, never parsed the Sen ate. which is to a large extent filled, as the Federal judiciary is. by the in fluence of corporate --'wer and very often by the- selection of the attorneys of those corporations. The bill to elect Senators by the people has not been defeated directl>, hut by the chloroform process of referring the bill to some committee which shall not report it for a vote thereon in the open Senate. In many States it has been sought to attain the same end by nominating the Senators by a State primary or State convention, and pledging the legislative candidates to vote for such nominees. This is un satisfactory, for the large and in creasing number of newspapers which are owned or controlled by corporate wealth antagonize any method save the election by the Legislature, whose limited number makes the choice of a Senator by them more easy of control by dexterous manipulation. But by far the more serious defect and danger in the Constitution is the appointment of judges for life, subject to confirmation by the Senate. So far as corporate wealth can exert in fluence, either upon the President or the Senate, no judge can take his seat upon the Federal bench without the approval of allied plutocracy. It is not charged that such judges are cor ruptlv influenced. But they go upon the bench knowing what influence procured their appointment, or their confirmation, and usually with a nat ural and perhaps unconscious bias from having spent their lives at the bar in advocacy of corporate claims. Having attempted as lawyers to per suade courts to view debated questions from the standpoint of aggregated wealth, they often end by believing sincerely in th- correctness of such views, and not unnaturally put them in force when in turn they themselves ascend .he bench. This trend in Federal decisions has been pronounced. Then. too. incumbents of seats upon the Federal Circuit and District RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA, SUNDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 13, 1904. TO PUSHTHE WORK Sunday Schools of the Christian Church. Eastarn Conference in Session. Com 4 mittee on Moral Reform Takes Strong Ground Against the Divorce Evil. (Special to News and Observer.) Jonesboro, N. C., Nov. 12.—The Eastern North Carolina Christia i con ference has been in session at Khal lowell church near here for the past three days. Prof. W. C. Wicker, of Elon College, N. (\, is the president; Rev. M. W. Butler, of Raleigh. N. C., is the standing secretary, and J. E. Ballentine, of Fuquay Springs, is the treasurer. There were about twelve ministers present and forty churches represented. The annual sermon was preached by Rev. W. C. Wicker. It was excellent. Rev. W. G. Clements, of Morrisville. N. C\, was elected to deliver the next annual address With Prof. S. M. Smith alternate. Mr. J. A. Banks was elected assistant secre tary. Rev. L. F. Johnson and M. W. Butler were appointed to fill vacan cies on the committee on Sunday schools. Rec. W. W. Staley, D. D., of Suffolk. Va.. Rev. \V. T. Herndon, of Elon College, Rev. J. O. Atkinson, editor of the Christian Sun, Prof. S. M. Smith, of Raleigh, N. C., were In vited to seats as deliberative members. The following report was discusse 1 by S. M. Smith. L. F. Johnson. W. Butler and adopted: Report of Committee on Sunday Softools. We, your committee on Sunday schoois, beg to submit the following report: To begin with, we wish to say that the Sunday senool work of our con ference is far from being satisfactory. We believe that to whatever extent wc may become dissatisfied with present conditions in the work, to that extent we may have to accomplish greater things. Aside from what is done at our annual Sunday School Conventions we see little evidence of advancement. We believe provision should he made whereby the interim between conven tions may be used for an intelligent and aggi essive prosecution of the work. We therefore recommend: 1. That the system of fifth Sunday meetings he resumed and that ;bt se meetings be devoted regularly to our Sunday school and mission work. 2. That the officers of the conference together with the officers of the con vention constitute a “board of mis sions, and Sunday school work.” whose duty it shah be to direct the work. 3. We endorse most heartily the ac tion of the Southern Christian Con vention, in creating, during its last sessions, a Sunday school department with Rev. M. W. Butler as its secre tary. 4. That we approve the establish ment of the Young People's Worker, as the organ of the above-named de partment and pledge to it and to its editor, our most loyal support. 5. We recommend that our Sunday schools use our own literature pub lisned by our publishing house at Day ton, Ohio. S. M. SMITH. W. C. WICKER. L. F. JOHNSON. Rev. C. W. Schiffer, Secretary of the New York Southern Conference was extended the courtesies of the floor. The committee on education was made yesterday. Strong speeches were made in support of the report. Dr. Staley, the president of Elon College took part. His management of the college has brought it un out of debt and given it a permanent endowment fund. The committee on moral reform read their report which was discussed by the Hon. J. H. Fleming, of Ral eigh. It took strong ground against the divorce evil. Sabbath desecration, sale of liquor and the cigarette habit. To-day the committees on Home and Foreign Missions reported. Rev. J. O. Atkinson preached to-day at 12 o’clock. Rev. Dr. Staley preached a fine sermon yesterday. bench cannot be oblivious to the in fluence which procures promotion; and how fatal to confirmation by the pluto cratic majority in the Senate is the expression of any judicial views not in accordance with the “safe, sane and sound” predominance of wealth. As far back as 18 20, Air. Jefferson had discovered the “sapping and min ing.” as he termed it of the life tenure. appointive Federal judiciary, owing no gratitude to the people for their appointment and fearing no in convenience from their conduct, how ever arbitrary, in the discharge of such office. In shot t they posscssl the autocratic power of absolute irrespon sibility. “Step by step, one goes very far,” says the French proverb. This is true of the Ft deral judiciary. Com pare their jurisdiction in 1804, when Mars hall ascended the bench, and their jurisdiction in 1904. The Con stitution lias been i t made and re written by the judicial glosses put upon it. Had it been understood in 1787 to mean' what it is construed to mean today, it is safe to say that not single State would have ratified it. This is shown by the debates in the State conventions, in many of which the bare possibility of much less ob jectionable construction was bitterly denied and yet nearly caused defeat of ratification. In 1822, in his letter to Air. Barry, Air. Jefferson said that it was imperative that the United States judges should be made elective for a term of years, and suggested six years as the period. The tenure of judges for a term of years js the popular will and judgment as is shown by the adoption of that method In forty-one States. It has worked satisfactorily in those States, else they had returned to the appoint ive life-tenure. The latter system of selecting the United States judges has (Continued on Page Two.) A GREAT INDUSTRY Sketch of North Carolina Granite Company. Immense Quantities of This Stone Ship ped. The Corporation a Great Factor in Mount Airy's Growth. (Special to News and Observer.) Mt Airy, N. C„ Nov. 12. —The peo ple of North Carolina do not know, perhaps, that one of the State’s larg est Industrial plants is located at the western terminal of the old Cape Fear and Yadkin Valley railroad- — now a part of the great Southern rail way system. Sixty-nine miles northwest of Greenboro, encircled by the eternal hills of the Blue Uidg.-, is situated a very old village-—a comparatively young town —an embryo city. In the suburbs of this mountain town is lo cated the great industry of which I write and of which. . believe, the peo ple of the State, generally speaking, know little —the great granite quar ries of the North Carolina Granite Corporation. In some great uwnvulsion of the pre historic ages and perhaps in the Archaen period «*f the Earth’s struc ture an inexaustible mass of granite was placed most conveniently for man's operations and uses. If this as sumption as to uge he true, and there are abundant evidence to warrant the conjecture, tnis immediate section dates its birtn to remote antiquity. Adjacent tn the town and two miles from the railroad station as the spur track meanders among the hills is the mammoth plant of which I write. The quarries are »isible from several points on the streets of the town and, at this distance, have much the appearance of a great snow-clad hill. W e find at the quarries more than forty acres of exposed granite. This huge mass of stone wnose longitudinal side faces the railroad siding for a half mile, rises at an angle of about thirty de grees to the top and there becomes a great plateau. The shape and acces sibility or the quarries and the natural qualities of the stone when added to the inexhaustible quantity make this oife of tne very finest granite proper ty sin America. In fact, in some re spects. particularly for irs workable properties, it is said to head the list of American granites. These quar ries were opened soon after the com pletion of the railroad to Alount Airy, by the Mount Airy Granite Company. A few rears later Thomas VVoodroffe & Sons, members of the original com pany, took over the quarries and have since woked them with geat success. Messrs. Thomas and George Wood roffe mentioned as “Sons ’ in the above mimed firm have been connect ed witn the quarries since the early days or development. These two sons combine the finest business qualifica tions with a thorough knowledge of the stone business and a practical knowledge of architecture, and I may add, the qualities that draw and hold men, nave built up an immense busi ness and introduced Mount Airy granite into more than a dozen States. July first these quarries passed into the hands of the North Carolina Gran ite Corporation, whose authorized cap italization is one million dollars. The subscribed stock (fully paid) is $250.- 000. The president of the corporation is Mr. Colin Fraser with office in Phila delphia. Mr. Thomas Woodroffe is the vice-president and General man ager. Mr. Woodroffe’s office is at the quarries and he has personal over sight of the entire plant which is under the immediate supervision of the superintendent, Mr. R. I>. Clark, late M Philadelphia. Mr. George Woodroffe, also an officer of the cor poration. hits charge of the finances and the offices at the quarries. It is fortunate for the new concern that the Messrs.. Woodroffe whose business sa gacity, personal foresight and energy have built tip such a large market and such an enviable reputation for Mount Airy granite, remain largely in terested in the quarries and identified with their management. There are few industries in the State, if indeed any, from which the communiy in which they are located, derives an large a part of t v earn ings. This is readily understood when it is known that almost the entire cost of production goes into the pock ets of the laborers. The raw material is all in sight, waiting only the intelli gent direction of men’s hands. The quarries give employment to more than 350 men. Nearly 100 of these are skilled mechanics —stone cut ters—who receive $3.00 per day for eight hours work. Alost of these men have become permanent citizens, and many have invested a part of their savings in good homes at the quarries and in the town. This is evidence of the mutual good feeling existing here between labor and capital, and is due to the absolute fairness and consid eration with which the Alessrs. Wood roffe have ever treated their employ ees. The output of these quarries include every kind of material where granie is required. A citizen of Alount Airy would be on his “native heath” in Winston or Cincinnati, in Norfolk, Pittsburg or Philadelphia. These are among the many cities and towns which have taken large quantities of curbing and paving blocks from the Mount Airy quarries. Stone for street purposes, however, is only one of the uses of this fine granite. The ease with which it is worked, its handsome ap pearance, and its durable properties make of it a desirable stone for all structural purposes. Many of the largest and most important structures in the* country are built of this stone. Notable among them are the great dry dock at Newport News which is capable of accommodating, In its 16 Pages—SECTION One-Pages I to 8. huge basin, two of the largest ships afloat; the Land Title Building of Philadelphia and the Alanayunk Nat ional Bank of the same city and the ,St. Nicholas Church of Atlantic City. Recently a large quantity of cut stone has gone to the Navy Y'ard at Wash ington, and similar material is now being delivered in Lexington, Ken tucky for the erection of a fine bank building. The quarries are now cut ting a large order for stone that will go into the great railroad tunnel in course of construction in Washington. The highest compliment ever paid a southern quarry is the award to the North Carolina Granite Corporation told of a few days ago in a special to the News and Observer under the head of “a big contract awarded.” Your correspondent saw the official notice sent to the different successful bidding quarries that submitted bids for stone to be used in the New Nat ional Museum to be erected in Wash ington at a cost of millions of dollars. The stone alone for this great building will cost about eight hundred thous and dollars. The official notice of the awards contains this paragraph: “The Attic story to the North Caro lina Granite Corporation as being the lowest bidders for the most suitable colored stone to be superimposed upon the Bethel (Vermont) stone of the first and second stories.” This cop tract it will be remembered amounts to neadly $108,000.1)0. This state ment hv the Construction Department of the Government places Mount Airy granite in the forefront of American granites and establishes for all time its claims as a building stone of the first class. Extensive improvements are being made at the quarries and the facili ties are being greatly increased in or der to handle the rapidly growing business. A mammoth cutting shed, thoroughly up-to-date, 300 feet in length by 6 5 feet in width is now be ing erected. Every facility for hand ling cut stone wdrk will be installed in the new shed and there will be no cessation at any season on account of weather. The receipts of the railroads for handling the products of the Alount Airy quarries are $50,000.00 annually. What a Quick Witteii Girl Did. By cultivating the faculty of doing the right thing at the right time—that is, the faculty of acting on one’s own initiative when the occasion calls for it in tlte minor duties of the subordinate —he is preparing himself for the time, sooner or later, when by exercising his resourcefulness he will be able to render his employer a great service. This is the emergency that once confronted a girl of seventeen years, who was employed as book-keeper and general office clerk by a steam-heating contractor in an Indiana city, says the New York Commercial: The contrac tor, l.is assistant am- the young wo man book-keeper constituted the office force. The contractor had not been in business for himself long and was hampered by lack of capital. He often found himself in desperate straits. A government contract was to he let in a nearby city. He had sent his assist ant there to bid for the work. He knew that a heavy bond would be re quired and he didn't know where he could get a bondsman; but he told his representative to go ahead and get a bid in, if possible, hoping almost against hope that he might be able by hook or crook to “land” the contract. The young book-keeper knew nothing about the bond difficulty that confront ed her employer. The assistant went off to bid on the contract. There was no dodging, the government require ments, he found. A $20,000 bond must accompany the hid. He wired to his employer, hut the latter was then out of the city. The girl read the dispatch and began to figure. .She had only an hour and a half in which to get a bond into the mail in time to reach its destination before the bids wort- t•' he closed. Besides, where was the bond to come iiom? She knew that the matter was of the utmost im portance to her employer. She hur ried to the hank where the contractor had an account that was then close to the low water mark. She asked to speak to the president, who she had never seen —and she saw him. She. must furnish a bond at once, she ex plained. Site ;ut the situation strong ly and emphasized the necessity of immediate act : on. The ban or was im pressed by the girl’s earnestness and her pluck, and she hardly gave hint time to take a second thought. In ten minutes he had wired the govern ment officials that he would go on the bond. The bid was accepted and the contract was awarded to the gill’s employer. It turned out to be his salvation. Fits profits from the contract put him on a firm financial footing and his business prospered from that time on. The young woman’s salary was promptly raised, of course. Kleptomania and Stealing. Marshville Home. The Monroe Enquirer scores a good point when it tells about how the Charlotte papers failed to make a news item complete last vveek when they refused to give the name of a young lady who stole a lot of goods there during the fair. The reason they refused to give the name be cause the young lady belonged to a very prominent family and she was therefore pronounced a victim of Klep tomania, which is a new fangled dis ease that is said to affect the minds of rich people who steal. It never af fects poor people. As the Enquirer says. “If that woman who is such a light-fingered thief was nothing more than an ordinary cotton picker whose father was somebody’s cropper, the name would be the first thing given.” Certainly it would, and she would have been sent to jail and you would have heard nothing about “Kleptomania.” either. This is another instance that shows how being prominent and wealthy covers un some awfully bad sins, for it puts a person up where medical science has discovered a dis ease that will applv in such cases with out calling it stealing. A woman might be happy without a new bonnet if no other woman hod one. If woman could have her way she Mould never gunnel. Price Five Cents. II WARJCIDENT Wounding of Lieut. Nor wood at Gettysburg. His Capture and Escape. How a Believ er in State's Rights Aided Him. Breakfast With General Lee. The following copy of a letter from Lieutenant (later (’apt.. Thomas Le noir Norwood (Co. A., 37th Regiment. N. C. Troops, a A. N. V., nephew of Judge John W. Noward, of Hillsboro, and who was wounded at the Rattle of Gettysburg, is furnished us through the courtesy of Judge Walter Clark. As a contemporaneous document from those stirring days of the War Be tween the States, it has a distinct in terest. In a note to Judge Clark ac companying the letter, the writer, speaking of aCpt. Norwood, who died in 1889, says: At the time this letter was written he had been in service one year, ana had passed his 18th birthday two weeks before the battle of Gettys burg. C'apt. Norwood believed that the grave which he ieit sure was that of W m. Mickel’s marked the spot where North Carolina went “farthest at Get tysburg.” MARGARET NORWOOD. Historian, G. B. Anderson Chapter U. D. C. Richmond, Va., July 10, 1863. Aly Dear Father: —By the mercy of God I find myself well, and comfort ably quartered with Uncle William. In the battle of July 3rd, at Gettys burg, I received a wound in the left shoulder, the ball passed entirely through without injury to bone or leader, not impairing the use of the arm. But you must hear about my ad venture. I was taken prisoner when I was shot, being very near the bat teries, and undertaking to retreat. I fainted from loss of blood and general exhaustion. So the first thing I knew I was picked up and hurried over.the breastworks, and as soon as I could walk I was carried about three miles to the rear, where there were many more unfortunates, and we remained there till our army fell hack. We were kindly treated. They did their best for us, hut it was not much. There were so many among whom .to divide a little. For my part I had lost everything, and lay for two days and nights on the ground with nothing on me but a pair of pants, and half a shirt. I lpst my blanket in that desperate charge, and my other clothing was ruined by blood. It was raining all the time too. but I stood it very well ant cited the amazement of friend an by my indifference to my unpie. situation. When our army left the vicini Gettysburg we were carried then quartered in the big college bui That was Tuesday, a week ago. Thinking the prospect of pare exchange a gloomy one, and seen guard at the hospital I re so In escape. So the day after we got there I walked off on the Chambersburg pike, the road by which our army came, about two hours before sun down with a student's cap and blouse on. I walked on unmolested till about 9 o’clock when as I had almost reach ed the top of South Alountain, a man came into the road from a by-path and hailed me, and asked me where I was going. 1 tried to bluff him with a short answer, but he would not he bluffed, and soon asked me if I was not a rebel. I told him plainly. “Yes.” “Oh, then,” said he, “you have found a friend, I am a States’ Rights man. Come home with me, I will take care of you.” So off 1 went with him about four miles from the road into the moun tains, going through torrents and oven rock , and cliffs in the pitch dark, till finally about twelve o’clock we reach ed his house right on ton of the mountain. He gave me supper, or rather his wife did, and a bed. Next morning he gave me a suit of citizen's clothes such as laborers wear there. He was a smaller man than I, so you can imagine the figure I cut in his clothes, hut I set out on my journey having nothing about me that apper tained to the armv. I wandered about in nooks and dens and caves of the earth till I got into the road our army had taken in falling back and pursued it till about two hours bv sun in the afternoon, every body taking me for a laborer looking for harvest work, for that whole country was turned out harvesting. I frequently fell in with their soldiers and went along conversing freelv. no one showing the slightest suspicion. About two hours by sun, as I said. I came into Waynesboro; which is twelve miles from Hagerstown, on the Chambersburg pike, and here 1 had stumbled into the universal whole Yankee army. Just as I was beginning to think my game played out, an old citizen hailed me and wanted to hire me to do some work on toward the rebel lines, in the vicinity of Hagerstown. i agreed to his terms and gave my name as John Knauss. “Oh yes.” he said. “I know all your folks mighty well.” - So he, being well known there, went and got me a pass from the Provost Marshal, I went with him. It was signed by a Brigadier General and carried us through the lines: once past the Yankee pickets I gave that Aboli tionist the slip and made for our own lines. Our pickets sent me to General Johnston commanding the outposts, by him I was sent to General Ewell, who sent me to General Lee. I arrived at General Lee's quarters about midnight, having walked a distance of forty miles. Here I slept till morning, and then went in to see the General. He received me very politely, got from me the information I had about the Yankee army, which was consid erable, for I had successfully recoil - (Continued on Page Two.)
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Nov. 13, 1904, edition 1
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